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| Интересы: |
ИНТЕРЕСУЮСЬ ВСЕМ ИНТЕРЕСНЫМ, ВСЕ ШТО НЕ ИЗВЕСТНО-УЖАСНО ИНТЕРЕСНО))) ... Интерес(от лат. interest — имеет значение, важно) социальный, реальная причина социальных действий, событий, свершений, стоящая за непосредственными побуждениями — мотивами, помыслами, идеями и т. д. — участвующих в этих действиях индивидов, социальных групп, классов. Французские материалисты 18 в. К. А. Гельвеций, П. Гольбах, Д. Дидро предпринимают, по выражению Г. В. Плеханова, первую грандиозную попытку объяснить общественную жизнь с помощью И. Интересы людей противопоставляются ими как божественному предопределению, так и случайным обстоятельствам исторического процесса. В И. они усматривают реальное основание нравственности, политики, общественного строя в целом. "Если физический мир подчинен закону движения, то мир духовный не менее подчинен закону интереса. На земле интерес есть всесильный волшебник, изменяющий в глазах всех существ вид всякого предмета" (Гельвеций К. А., Об уме, М., 1938, с. 34). Однако французские материалисты не вышли за рамки идеалистического понимания общественной жизни, поскольку социальный И. рассматривался ими как простая сумма индивидуальных И. Сами же индивидуальные И. они выводили из чувственной природы человека, остающейся в целом неизменной. Отсюда тезис Гельвеция о том, что голод и любовь правят миром. Важную роль в развитии теории И. сыграл Г. Гегель, который, вслед за И. Кантом, подчёркивал несводимость И. к грубой чувственности, к естественной природе человека. "Ближайшее рассмотрение истории убеждает нас в том, что действия людей вытекают из их потребностей, их страстей, их интересов... и лишь они играют главную роль" (Гегель, Соч., т. 8, М.—Л., 1935, с. 20 |
