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Месси́я (от ивр. מָשִׁיחַ, маши́ах; др.-греч. Χριστός, христо́с) — буквально «пома́занник». Помазание оливковым маслом (елеем) было частью церемонии, проводившейся в древности у евреев и других народов Ближнего Востока при возведении монархов на престол и посвящении священников в сан.
В иудаизме слово «машиах» иносказательно означает «духовный лидер» и «царь». Иудеи верят, что идеальный царь, потомок царя Давида, будет послан Богом, чтобы осуществить избавление (геуллу) народа Израиля, включая политическое освобождение из-под власти других народов, а избавление Израиля принесет уже избавление и исправление всему миру. В христианстве чаще используется греческая форма термина «машиах» — «Христос» («Помазанник», греч.), а также термин «Спаситель». В христианском богословии роль Христа-Мессии также распространяется на всё человечество.
In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias (Hebrew: מָשִׁיחַ, romanized: māšîaḥ; Greek: μεσσίας, messías; Arabic: مسيح, masîḥ; lit. 'the anointed one') is a saviour or liberator of a group of people. The concepts of mashiach, messianism, and of a Messianic Age originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible, in which a mashiach is a king or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil.
Ha mashiach (המשיח, 'the Messiah'), often referred to as melekh mashiach (מלך המשיח, 'King Messiah'), is to be a Jewish leader, physically descended from the paternal Davidic line through King David and King Solomon. He is thought to accomplish predetermined things in only one future arrival, including the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem, the gathering of all Jews to Eretz Israel, the ushering in of a Messianic Age of global universal peace, the unification of the tribes of Israel, and the annunciation of the world to come.
Messiahs were not exclusively Jewish, however, and the concept of 'the' Messiah as a single individual is a strictly post-Biblical tradition as it is not found in the Old Testament.
The Greek translation of Messiah is Khristós (Χριστός), anglicized as Christ. Christians commonly refer to Jesus of Nazareth as either the "Christ" or the "Messiah", believing that the messianic prophecies were fulfilled in the mission, death, and resurrection of Jesus and that he will return to fulfill the rest of messianic prophecies. Moreover, unlike the Judaic concept of the Messiah, Jesus Christ is additionally considered by Christians to be the Son of God.
In Islam, Jesus was a prophet and the Masîḥ (مسيح), the Messiah sent to the Israelites who will return to Earth at the end of times along with the Mahdi, and defeat al-Masih ad-Dajjal, the false Messiah. In Ahmadiyya theology, these prophecies concerning the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus have been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement, wherein the terms Messiah and Mahdi are synonyms for one and the same person.
In Chabad messianism, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn (r. 1920–1950), sixth Rebbe (spiritual leader) of Chabad Lubavitch, and Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), seventh Rebbe of Chabad, are Messiah claimants.
Tora (Pentateuhul) nu conține cuvântul Mesia. Termenul evreiesc moshiach se referea la preoți evrei, la profeți și la regi, care erau unși când erau consacrați în funcțiile respective. De exemplu Cirus, regele Persiei, este numit în Biblie „unsul lui Dumnezeu” (Isaia 45:1). Mai departe sunt numiți unși reg |
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